The well-known phrase ‘beauty is in the eye of the beholder’ is a testament to our belief that attractiveness is ephemeral. If this were true, it would mean that attractiveness is arbitrary and what is beautiful now could, in a different time or place, be considered unattractive. through the media in Western society) and this has also led to a general belief that cultures vary dramatically in what they perceive to be attractive. One of the major deterrents in determining the features of an attractive face lies in the widespread belief that standards of attractiveness are learned gradually through exposure to culturally presented ideals (e.g. Outside the laboratory, attractive people also appear to lead favourable lives attractive individuals pay lower bail and are more likely to be hired for jobs than less attractive individuals.ĭespite research on social consequences, exactly what it is that makes a face beautiful remains poorly defined. In mock interviews, attractive people are more likely to be hired than less attractive individuals and attractiveness can also influence judgements about the seriousness of committed crimes. It has long been noted that there exists a ‘What is beautiful is good’ stereotype ( for meta-analytical reviews of research on physical attractiveness stereotypes), whereby attractive individuals are perceived to possess a variety of positive personality attributions. For example, beauty is associated with upward economic mobility, especially for women, attractive people have more dates than less attractive people, and people who have dated more attractive individuals report being more satisfied with their dates. Physical attractiveness has important social consequences. Research on animals has focused on individual traits that are attractive across individuals, and even species, such as symmetry. feathers, fur and fins) to attract mates. The same holds true across the animal kingdom most non-human species rely on external traits, such as the size, shape and colour of adornments (e.g. Physical appearance is important to humans and certain features appear to be found attractive across individuals and cultures. Our magazines and television screens are not just filled with any faces-they are filled with attractive faces, and both women and men are highly concerned with good looks in a potential partner. The human face has been a source of great interest to psychologists and other scientists in recent years because of the extraordinarily well-developed ability of humans to process, recognize and extract information from other's faces (see other papers in this volume).
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